CSS Past Papers Of 2011 European History Paper 1 & 2

EUROPEAN HISTORY, PAPER – I

Q.1. Select the best option/answer and fill the appropriate box on the Answer Sheet.

(i) The Industrial Revolution was:
a. A broad political movement that swept away the old regime in France.
b. A social revolution that destabilized the Eastern European states.
c. An economic transformation of the agricultural sector in the United Kingdom.
d. A socio-economic process that gradually created technology and capital intensive system of production.
e. None of these.

(ii) The categorization of Left, Center and Right, emerged from which major political change.
a. The French Revolution of 1789
b. The Reform Act of 1832
c. The Revolution of 1848
d. The Unification of Germany
e. None of these

(iii) The French Monarch, Louis XVI, failed to mobilize the army and crush the rebellion because:
a. He got conflicting advice from his financial managers and was worried about the economic impact of a crackdown.
b. He wanted a political solution to the conflict.
c. He was a pious Catholic who did not want to shed the blood of his co-religionists.
d. He was indecisive and doubted the reliability of the army.
e. None of these.

(iv) The Congress System that emerged from the Vienna settlement was:
a. An early exercise in global government.
b. A diplomatic exercise designed to maintain the domestic and territorial and stability of the Habsburg dynastic state
c. A failed attempt to entangle France in the affairs of the Continent.
d. A successful attempt to prevent the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire.
e. None of these.

(v) The British gradually adopted a policy of splendid isolation after the Napoleonic Wars because:
a. Their government was under intense domestic pressure to abandon overseas adventurism after nearly 25 years of military conflict.
b. They were facing acute religious and sectarian difficulties.
c. They did not feel threatened by domestic instability.
d. They felt they had been deceived by the Austrians.
e. None of these


(vi) The Metternich System was:
a. A reactionary system designed to halt communism.
b. A reactionary system designed to suppress the Catholic Church.
c. A reactionary system designed to save the Hohenzollern dynasty.
d. A reactionary system designed to prevent the spread of anti-monarchical thought.
e. None of these.

(vii) The greatest milestone in the constitution development of Britain was:
a. The industrial revolution of 1825
b. The suppression of the Indian rebels in 1857-8.
c. The Reform Act of 1834.
d. The Reform Act of 1836.
e. None of these

(viii) Otto von Bismarck was ably assisted by::
a. Roon & Moltke
b. Schulenber & Roon
c. Fredrick & Moltke
d. Wilhelm & Roon
e. None of these

(ix) Mazzini, Cavour and Garibaldi were:
a. Italian leaders who wanted a Constitutional Monarchy in Italy.
b. Italian Nationalists who wanted to oust the Austrains.
c. Italian revolutionaries who wanted to crush the Catholic Church.
d. Italian romantics who wanted to establish a Communist Republic.
e. None of these.

(x) Napoleon I is known as a great reformer primarily because of:
a. The Code Nationale.
b. The Concordat.
c. The Code Penal.
d. The Education Reforms.
e. None of these.

(xi) In Europe, the unification of Germany is regarded as more important than the unification of Italy because:
a. Germany was culturally a more important country.
b. Germany’s unification altered the balance of power in Europe.
c. Germany’s leaders were far more competent.
d. Germany had already industrialized before unification while Italy was still backward.
e. None of these.

(xii) The Communist Manifesto is:
a. Responsible for the French Revolution and inspired the Jacobins.
b. An articulation of the Marxist philosophy of history.
c. An excellent example of the Romantic Movement in European thought.
d. An unimportant pamphlet that was easily suppressed and soon forgotten.
e. None of these.

(xiii) The three major European Imperial powers of the 1800s were:
a. France, Russia, and England.
b. Germany, Russia and England.
c. France, England and the Netherlands.
d. England, France, and Germany.
e. None of these.

(xiv) A stable balance of power is achieved when:
a. Maximum offensive power is equal to maximum defensive power.
b. Minimum offensive power is equal to minimum defensive power.
c. Maximum offensive power is less than minimum defensive power.
d. Minimum offensive power is less than minimum defensive power.
e. None of these.

(xv) Bismark’s policy post 1871 was:
a. Isolate Russia, ally with Austria, reconcile with France, challenge England.
b. Isolate France, ally with Austria, befriend Russia, keep England neutral.
c. Aggressive expansion overseas.
d. Spread nationalism in Europe to other oppressed nationalities.
e. None of these.

(xvi) Napoleon III was:
a. The son of Napoleon II.
b. The grandson of Napoleon I.
c. The cousin of Napoleon II.
d. The younger brother of Napoleon I.
e. None of these.

(xvii) The term “Entente Cordiale” means:
a. A friendly understanding.
b. A military alliance.
c. A defense pact.
d. A comprehensive Treaty of Friendship.
e. None of these.

(xviii) Pan-Slavism is:
a. The notion that all Russians should live under one state.
b. The idea that all Slavic Peoples are essentially one national community.
c. A version of Greek Orthodox Christianity popular in Serbia.
d. An exclusive anti-Austrian ideology.
e. None of these.

(xix) Zollverein and Weltpolitik are:
a. German political institutions.
b. German policy initiatives.
c. German imperial concepts.
d. Examples of German ambitiousness.
e. None of these.

(xx) On the eve of the First World War the leaderships of all the major powers believed that:
a. The war was inevitable and was going to be a long and bloody affair.
b. They would be quickly and completely victorious over their enemies.
c. The war was a terrible mistake and totally unnecessary.
d. They were under a legal obligation to go to war even if it did not suit their national interests.
e. None of these.

Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART – II.

Q.2. Why did Britain experience an economic revolution without seriously political upheaval in the 1800s?

Q.3. Do you think the French revolution was inevitable? Defend your opinion.

Q.4. What were the roles of the major European powers in Eastern Question? 
Did any one of them have an effective answer to the Eastern Question? Discuss.

Q.5. How did the rise of nationalism in Europe threaten the Russian and Austrian empires? Discuss.

Q.6. How did the socio-economic transformation of Europe post-1815 contribute to expansionism abroad? Are there any broader lesions to be learnt from the phenomenon of European imperialism?

Q.7. Define progress. Do you think that the nineteenth century was an age of progress? Defend your opinion with reference to the history of the period.

Q.8. Compare the foreign policy of Bismark from 1871 and 1890 to the foreign policy of the Kaiser between 1890 and 1914. Critically evaluate the similarities and differences.

EUROPEAN HISTORY, PAPER – II
(PART-I MCQs)
Q.1. Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate box on the Answer Sheet.

(i) George Kennan articulated the Containment policy in:
(a) The X article and Long Telegram.
(b) The Long Telegram.
(c) The X article.
(d) None of these.

(ii) Phil-Hellenism refers to:
(a) A pro-Turkish Policy.
(b) A pro-Greek Policy.
(c) A Neutral Policy towards Greece and Turkey.
(d) A hostile policy towards Greece and Turkey.
(e) None of these.

(iii) The Marshall Plan was:
(a) An emergency plan to aid all non-communist countries.
(b) An American plan designed to help all European countries rebuild after the First World War.
(c) An Anglo-American plan to rapidly develop Japan as a bulwark against Soviet expansionism.
(d) The official US policy towards the Middle East.
(e) None of these.

(iv) Winston Churchill was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from:
(a) September 1939-July 1945.
(b) May 1940-July 1945.
(c) January 1940-July 1945.
(d) August 1920-June 1924.
(e) None of these.

(v) The SS were Adolf Hitler’s:
(a) Elite body guards reporting to Hitler himself.
(b) Crack troops reporting to General Manstein.
(c) Elite party guard reporting to Himmler.
(d) Secret Police reporting to Goering.
(e) None of these.

(vi) Trotsky believed in permanent revolution while Stalin believed in:
(a) Marxist Gradualism.
(b) Leninist Revolutionist Doctrine.
(c) Socialism in One Country.
(d) The People First Approach
(e) None of these.

(vii) The decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan was taken in order to:
(a) Test a new weapon.
(b) Intimidate the Soviet Union.
(c) Save additional US casualties.
(d) All of these.
(e) None of these.

(viii) The Sudetenland was:
(a) A part of Austria that Mussolini coveted.
(b) A part of Poland that Stalin coveted.
(c) A part of Czechoslovakia that Hitler coveted.
(d) A part of France claimed by both Germany and France.
(e) None of these.

(ix) Blitzkrieg was:
(a) The German Operation Strategy that emphasized firepower, movement, and inter-services battlefield integration.
(b) The German Operational Strategy that focused on static defense of German territory.
(c) The German Operational Strategy that relied solely on airpower to win wars.
(d) The German Operational Strategy that emphasized total resources.
(e) None of these.

(x) Lloyd George was:
(a) The British Prime Minister responsible for the appeasement of Germany.
(b) The British Prime Minister who advocated a pro-Turkish policy.
(c) The British Prime Minister who led his country to victory in the First World War.
(d) The British Prime Minister who was a lifelong enemy of Winston Churchill.
(e) None of these.

(xi) Ideologically, Mussolini was:
(a) A conservative Catholic who turned to Fascism.
(b) A radical socialist who became an ultra-nationalist.
(c) Always a fascist.
(d) A socialist at heart.
(e) None of these.

(xii) The Soviet Union’s casualties in World War II are estimated as:
(a) Between 1 and 5 million dead, 10 million wounded.
(b) Between 5 and 7 million dead, 20 million wounded.
(c) Between 20 and 25million dead, indererminate number wounded.
(d) Between 30 and 40 million dead, 50 million wounded.
(e) None of these.

(xiii) Hitler’s decision to invade the Soviet Union was delayed by which combination of actors?
(a) The need to help Mussolini in the Balkans and North Africa as well as immense logistical problems.
(b) Hitler’s desire to win a winter campaign in Russia and bread the curse of Napoleon.
(c) The incompetence of the German General Staff and their lack of resources.
(d) The British aerial bombardment of Germany and the French resistance to Nazi rule.
(e) None of these.

(xiv) Konrad Adenauer was:
(a) The last Chancellor of United Germany.
(b) Hitler’s greatest political rival.
(c) The first Chancellor of West Germany.
(d) The second Chancellor of West Germany.
(e) None of these.

(xv) The four powers responsible for Berlin after WWII were:
(a) USA, USSR, UK, Netherlands.
(b) USSR, UK, France, Netherlands.
(c) France, UK, USSR, USA
(d) USA, Italy, France, UK
(e) None of these

(xvi) The Five-Year Plans were:
(a) An initiative taken by Nazi Germany to rapidly recover after WWI.
(b) The Soviet economic development plans designed to industrialize the country.
(c) The American plan to counter the Great Depression.
(d) The Anglo-French plan to develop the global economy.
(e) None of these.

(xvii) The United Nations Security Council is:
(a) A council of Great Powers that operates on the basis of Great Power consensus.
(b) A council of Great Powers that operates on the majority principle.
(c) A council of Great Powers that operates on the consultative principle.
(d) A council of Great Powers that operates on the majority and 
consultative principles.
(e) None of these.

(xviii) The League of Nations and UN had their Headquarters in:
(a) Geneva
(b) London
(c) New York City
(d) Paris
(e) None of these.

(xix) Collective security is:
(a) The idea that all nations must support each other militarily.
(b) The concept that any act of aggression against one state is a threat to all states.
(c) The same thing as the Balance of Power but just under a new name.
(d) The philosophy of mutual interdependence.
(e) None of these.

(xx) In the view of the Soviet Union and the USA the core theater of the Cold War was:
(a) Africa because of its resources
(b) Latin America because of its location.
(c) East Asia because of its population
(d) Europe because of its industrial development
(e) None of these.

PART II

Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PARRT-II.

Q.2. Why did the Versailles settlement prove to be a “a ceasefire for twenty years”? Analyze.

Q.3. How would history have unfolded differently if Nazi Germany and its allies had emerged victorious in the Second World War? Discuss.

Q.4. Was the rapid industrialization of the USSR worth the human cost of Stalinism? Develop and defend your opinion.

Q.5. How did US and Soviet misperceptions of each other lead to the Cold 
War? Discuss.

Q.6. Does the history of the period 1914-1960 offer any basis for optimism with regard to the prospects of world peace? Discuss.

Q.7. What are the major differences between Mussolini’s Fascism and Hitler’s Nazism? Discuss.

Q.8. How did the rise of the United States of America affect the outcome of major conflicts between 1914 and 1945? Discuss.

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